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What are syringomas?
Syringomas are sweat glands that have developed into small growths on the skin.
They typically appear in clusters as pink, yellow or brown bumps. They are benign (not harmful). Syringomas develop most commonly around the eyes and neck. They can also appear on the armpits, genitalia and abdomen.
What causes syringomas?
When sweat glands (eccrine glands) grow too much, they become syringomas. Sweat glands are responsible for cooling the body down when it is hot by producing sweat.
But if they work too much, they may grow more cells than necessary.
A few things that can cause sweat glands to overwork include:
• Stress
• Exercise
• High temperatures
• Genetics
• Certain medical conditions
Around 1% of the general population are likely to develop syringomas.
How are syringomas treated?
Syringomas are not dangerous and can be left alone. However, if there are cosmetic concerns, there are some methods your provider can use to remove them. It is important to be aware that some of these methods may cause scarring.
Treatment options include:
• Cauterization - This method burns the syringomas with an electric needle to remove them.
• Excision - This involves the use of a scalpel, scissors or razor to cut the syringomas off.
• Cryosurgery - This involves the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze the syringomas.
• Dermabrasion - This method involves scraping off the top laver of skin.
• Laser therapy - This method uses beams of light to reduce the appearance of syringomas.
• Diathermy - This involves the use of electric currents to build heat beneath the skin and reduce blemishes.
There are also certain medications that can help combat syringomas. These include:
• Trichloroacetic acid - This medication is topical (applied to the skin) to treat acne. It can also help reduce the appearance of syringomas.
• Isotretinoin - This medication is oral (taken by mouth) and used to treat cystic acne. It can also help reduce the appearance of syringomas.
• Acitretin - This medication is oral and used to treat psoriasis. It can also help reduce the appearance of syringomas.
These treatment options are usually successful. However, there is a likelihood that syringomas will reappear. If this happens, it is safe to treat them again.
It is also considered generally safe to use makeup to cover the appearance of syringomas.
When should you see a doctor?
If you notice pain around your syringomas or they appear widely across your body, it is a good idea to seek medical help. Follow up with your health care provider if a treated area is not healing or is oozing a yellowish liquid. This is often a sign of infection and will need to be addressed.
What is the outcome for syringomas?
Spontaneous regression of syringoma is rare.
Syringomas can recur after superficial treatment as they penetrate the deep dermis.
Hypertrophic or atrophic scarring and post-inflammatory pigment changes are uncommon complications of treatment, particularly in people with darker skin types.